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_______________ penetrate(s) the lines of defense to cause illness.


A) Stressors
B) Lines of Resistance
C) Negentropy
D) Pathogens

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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A

Neuman calls the process whereby energy moves toward extinction by gradual disorganization, increasing randomness, and energy dissipation:


A) Negentropy.
B) Hypertrophy.
C) Entropy.
D) Dynatrophy.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The ______________________ offers a protective coping shield that helps the client to function and stimulate the client's health.


A) Created environment
B) Spiritual variable
C) Extrapersonal environment
D) Physiological variable

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Neuman defined ________ broadly as "all internal and external factors or influences surrounding the identified client or client system.


A) Ecosystem
B) Environment
C) Wellness
D) Nursing

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Neuman calls the process whereby energy moves toward evolution as a system absorbs energy to increase its organization, complexity, and development when it moves toward a steady or wellness state:


A) Negentropy.
B) Hypertrophy.
C) Entropy.
D) Dynatrophy.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Neuman defines the client's usual state of wellness as:


A) The flexible line of defense
B) The normal line of defense
C) The stressor defense line
D) The accordion defense line

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Neuman's system suggests that __________________ is/are activated after the normal line of defense is penetrated by stressors.


A) The flexible line of defense
B) The accordion line of defense
C) Client resistance factors
D) Lines of resistance

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Neuman's theory includes an accordion-like mechanism that protects the normal line of defense. This mechanism is called:


A) The accordion line of defense
B) The defense line buffer
C) The flexible line of defense
D) The stressor defense line

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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C

Neuman states that the _________ variable is on a continuum of development that penetrates all other client system variables and supports the client's optimal wellness.


A) Physiological
B) Psychological
C) Developmental
D) Spiritual

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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D

Neuman identifies ___________ client variables.


A) Three
B) Six
C) Five
D) Nine

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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